Negative camber on its own is not a bad thing; it helps grip in cornering. It will not cause the kind of wear you are seeing, except if the tires are something like 20 degrees off vertical. Usually that sort of wear is seen when a reasonable amount of negative camber is combined with a bunch of toe out.
Toe-out makes the car somewhat twitchy; it will want to change directions very rapidly.
I would not necessarily recommend replacing rubber bushings with hard polyurethane unless you don't mind squeaking and a rougher ride. The squeaking can be fought with lubrication, but that only works for so long.
Also, some cars (like late-80s Civics and their derivatives) require more compliance in some bushings than the poly can give. I don't know your car well enough to say if there are any, but if there are bushings on joints that move in more than one axis those probably should stay rubber.
A good alignment shop should be able to tell you what is going on, including any bad bushings or worn tie rods.
-soD
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