My car's battery is located in the trunk, and that is done primarily for weight distribution purposes. As far as I know, it has no affect on mileage whatsoever. Also, something to consider: If you are running the battery in the rear, more wiring is required to connect it to everything in the front of the car (such as alternator, ignition system, ECU, etc.). That extra wiring does add some weight and some impedance, so that would offset any potential gains from battery efficiency.
That being said, I have been thinking of ways to maximize my battery terminal location. I can easily upsize or downsize my battery; run two batteries in parallel; and have easy access for alternative charging methods.
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