Also, a large portion of road funding comes from sources other than fuel taxation and other fees on usage of the road:
Gasoline Taxes and Tolls Pay for Only a Third of State & Local Road Spending | Tax Foundation
Plus, NONE of the cost of fuel goes to taking care of the environmental costs of fuel usage, in the US, or the health costs that result from the environmental damage. There's a lot of negative externalities that European fuel taxation internalizes.