Interesting factoids from a study from the University of Toronto about gasoline direct injection:
- between model years 2009 to 2015, the percentage of new vehicles sold with GDI engines jumped from 5% to 46%
- GDI engines emit lower levels of CO2, but they emit more black carbon
Clearly GDI has become a popular way to increase fuel economy and reduce certain emissions (eg. CO2).
But apparently airborne soot (black carbon) is also recognized as a contributor to climate warming, and...
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in some cases, you need up to a 20 per cent improvement in fuel economy in order to offset black carbon emissions
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Think a more fuel-efficient engine is the green choice? Maybe not - U of T Engineering News