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Due to lean conditions, a lot of NOx is created when the insight is running lean, which is why it actually has two catalysts - one it built specifically to deal with nitrogen bonded with oxygen in the combustion chamber. Those who have turbos on this car and have removed the primary cat report no CEL.
Fun bit: when it was launched, it met (and greatly exceeded) the tightest emission standard available, SULEV (super ultra low emission vehicle) for the CVT without lean burn, and ULEV for the 5MT capable of lean burn.
Admittedly it's 16 year old technology now, but I find it a marvelous engine that can meet those emissions standards, deliver 100mpg during highway cruising, and often last half a million miles without cracking it open for any maintenance, burning gasoline no less.
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