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With a diesel engine, water injection in the intake improves BOTH power AND emissions, without requiring bulky batteries or assemblies. Just a small water tank, a pump, an injector and a controller. We've seen 20-30 hp gained on the dyno for more powerful engines. For simpler, older turbodiesels, expect maybe half that or less (on a crude mechanical injection diesel that makes just 60-ish hp, it gives about 5-6 hp).
There are claims that it also improves economy if you tune the engine for it, but I have yet to see this verified by a third party. That said, you can indeed tune the engine more aggressively with water or meth spray, so theoretically, it should result in better economy after a custom tune.
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Spraying water mist in the exhaust should lessen particulate emissions, true, but better to nip them in the bud by spraying at the intake.
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