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Longer wavelengths (low frequency) transmit further, and through more objects, but support lower data rates. Shorter wavelengths (high frequency) transmit shorter distances and have less object penetration.
Long range isn't desirable because only 1 conversation can take place on a frequency at a time. That's the idea behind "cellular" towers. They have short range so that other conversations can be made on the same frequency not too far away.
The pertinent data a vehicle needs to communicate to others is small. It needs to transmit position, and intended course and speed; a vector. Other stuff too, but the data is still minimal.
Communication with other vehicles is a relatively minor technical consideration compared with the vastly difficult task of dealing with a dynamic environment and accurately interpreting sensor inputs into actionable or ignorable responses.
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