[aerohead]

from:'MELTDOWN',Eli Kintisch,SCIENCE,Volume 355,24 Feb,2017,pp788-91
*The Arctic is warming twice as fast as the rest of the planet.
*Some arctic summers have been warmer than others.
*During Arctic summer,the sun shines 24-hours/day.
*Weather is bringing soot and dust northwards to the Greenland ice sheet.
*Un-compacted darker snow is the first to melt away ,exposing darker underlying ice.
*Cryoconite algae is growing on the wet ice,darkening it,amplifying the melting to form pools of black sludge which absorb more solar radiation,increasing melt,in a feedback mechanism.
*Microbes are growing on the wet ice,darkening it to a brown color which absorbs more radiation,increasing the melt,for another feedback system.
*Snow and ice loss by melting can constitute 70% of losses,rather than berg calving.
*Supraglacial lake water is dark and absorbs more radiation.
*Meltwater runnoff erodes the ice further as is makes its way to the ocean.
*The melting quickly moves inland,with an ice loss as of 2017,of 269-Giga-tonnes/year.
*On July 12,2012,98% of Greenland's surface was liquid water.
*Warm subglacial water is attacking the ice sheet from below.
*Some meltwater makes it down Moulins,which lubricates the ice sheet/bedrock/sediment boundary.
*Surface mass gain due to snowfall is being overwhelmed by snow and ice melt,for a cumulative mass loss.
*As of 2017,Greenland was contributing 0.74mm/year (0.029-inches) to sea-level rise.
*The entire ice sheet constitutes 7-meters of sea-level rise,compared to 70-meters for Antarctica.
Data for the article was contributed by:
University of California,Irvine
University of Bristol,UK
University of Sheffield,UK
Geological Survey of Denmark and Greenland
Columbia University