I've said it many times before, but funding infrastructure based on how much petrol is consumed is ludicrous. Funding it based on miles driven might be slightly less ludicrous, but it still is because everyone depends on infrastructure even if they don't drive at all.
Infrastructure funding should be secured the same way all the other things we consider to be vital government services; through regular means of tax collection (income tax or sales tax).
The problem is that various agencies have competing agendas. DOT doesn't care about environmental quality and is largely funded by consumption of fossil fuels. Environmental agencies don't care about infrastructure funding, and only want the highest quality environments they can.
If we want to reduce fossil fuel consumption, it should be taxed at a higher rate, and that tax should have nothing to do with whether or not infrastructure gets adequately funded.
Here's a breakdown of tax by state, including federal taxes:
