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From the paper's intro:
Diesel-powered locomotives remain one of the most favoured means
of hauling freight by trains over long distances. Reducing fuel consumption of existing freight trains by better understanding the resistances that need to be overcome has never been more relevant. One source of energy loss, the aerodynamic resistance (drag), has not had the
same research focus when compared to other vehicles, such as cars and
high speed trains. This may be in part due to an inaccurate perception
that inter-modal freight trains travel at low speeds
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