Nice idea!
An inclinometer should be able to detect loss of forward momentum and/or slope.
Of course, just because you're pointed downhill doesn't mean you've got free energy to spare. Most hills around here aren't steep enough to even maintain speed. Your alternator will spend half of the time on since half of the time you're tilted upwards, and half downwards.
Perhaps you could have a threshold at which it engages, representing either a hill steep enough, or engine deceleration great enough that it's worthwhile to engage the alternator.
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