Regarding gearing, I've noticed most manual transmissions (available in the US) are not geared "properly" for economy - but manuals are only something like 1-3% of vehicles sold. I'd wager most of those opting for manuals are not opting for them for economy.
Take the 2020 Civic as an example: The 6 speed has a top ratio of 2.82 (6th gear * final drive). The CVT has a top ratio of 1.61. Or, in other words, at a speed where the CVT is cruising at 2000RPM, the manual is turning just over 3500RPM.
