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Originally Posted by TFA
These waves were known to accelerate electrons, which pick up speed as they “surf” along the electric field of the wave. But their effect on ions — a more heterogenous group of positively charged particles, which exist alongside electrons — was unknown.
By estimating the ion mixture they were flying through — predominantly protons and singly-charged oxygen ions — the scientists discovered that these waves were [accelerating protons as they circle about the Earth’s magnetic field lines as well as electrons as they surf the waves. The findings reveal a new way our upper atmosphere is energized.
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Journalists, am I right? What did you think of the paper? It went right over my head.
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https://www.khanacademy.org › science › hs-chemistry › x2613d8165d88df5e:chemical-bonding › x2613d8165d88df5e:ionic-bonds › a › naming-ions-and-ionic-compounds
Naming ions and ionic compounds (article) | Khan Academy
Cations are positively charged ions formed when neutral atoms lose electrons; anions are negatively charged ions formed when neutral atoms gain electrons. It is possible to predict the charges of main group ions by looking at the group numbers on the periodic table.
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A free proton would be a Hydrogen ion. A free electron would not IMHO be an ion.
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'Solar forcing' has nothing to do with global warming and climate change.
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At least you're consistent. I would assert that solar radiation provides a baseline that the human contribution modulates.