I've just finished reading a book on the topic of home heating. "Natural Home Heating" by Greg Pahl
I think the best idea in the whole book was using
masonry heaters. I've long wanted to build a passive solar home, but even then you need a backup heat source. Masonry heaters sound like the best option.
They were invented in Europe after traditional wood-stove use got rid of most all of the usable firewood on the continent. They're essentially a really HEAVY woodstove made of masonry. Most weigh in at 1-10 tons
The great thing about them is that you only fire them up twice each day. You simply burn a load of small wood (even twigs work!) with a lot of air (making a short hot fire) and all that masonry stores and releases the heat throughout the rest of the day.
Unfortunately, with all that weight they require a very solid foundation, and they're apparently pretty tricky to design.