NASA's Arithmetic

[aerohead]

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/NASA_E...g_Missions.jpgI'm starting a list of assorted tools and data acquisition activities which NASA uses to explore and understand phenomena, culled from their reporting:
Acoustic observations
Airborne Topographic Mapper
Airborne visible-infrared imaging spectrometer ( AVIRIS )
All-risk evaluation
Appropriate geometrical relationships
Attribution studies
Autoregressive ( AR ) models
Averages
Behavior of ensembles
Best fit with the observed record
Big Bear Solar Observatory, Big Bear, California
Broadband multispectral imaging
Burg algorithms
CALTECH Submillimeter Observatory, Mauna Kea, Hawaii
Charged Particle Measurement Experiment ( CPME )
Charged particle telescope, IMP-8 Satellite
Climate
Climax neutron intensity monitor
Coherent radio Doppler imaging
Comparative analysis
Comprehensive analysis
Confidence levels
Consistency
Consortium for the International Earth Science Information Network ( CIESIN).
Contrast
Convolving derivation
Coordinated Universal Time (UTC)
Correlation coefficients
Cosmic Ray and Solar Particle Investigations ( COSPIN )
Cosmic ray observation
Cryogenically-cooled charge-coupled-device (CCD) photoelectric detectors
Cumulative distribution power laws
Department of Mathematics, University of Essex, UK
Dependent events
De-trending
Distorted distribution functions
Distributions
Edaphic
Electron spin resonance ( ESR ) spectroscopy ( Schottky-Frenkel defects ) geochronology.
ESO- La Silla Observatory
Estimations
ETOP05 topography database
European Earth Resources Satellite ( ERS )
Event Horizon Telescope ( EHT ) VLBI
Extrapolations
Extreme Value Theory
FABNE algorithms
Fast Fourrier- transform
Filtered electromagnetic spectra imaging
Final- prediction error ( FPE )
First-order approximations
Fluid Mechanics
Fourrier analysis
Fourrier inversion
Functions
Gas chromotography / mass spectrometry
Gaussian weighting
GEMT1 geopotential model
General Instrument Corporation multi-beam sonar
Geobotanical remote-sensing group, JPL/ CALTECH
Geodesy
Geologic
Geology
Geophysical Station, Bremen-Boennebeck, Germany
'Gleichl'a'ufigkeitswert' coefficient of parallel variation ( climate )
Gravity Recovery And Climate Experiment ( GRACE )
Green Bank National Public Radio Observatory, W. Virginia
Harmonics
Haute- Province Observatory
High-rate plasma wave ( PWS) observations
Incorporated Research Institutions for Seismology ( IRIS ), 60+ Universities, USA.
Indices
Inductively coupled plasma atomic emission spectroscopy
Inferential statistics
Infrared Information Systems Specialty Group on Infrared Detectors ( IRIS )
Intercepts
Inter comparison of measurements
International Deployment of Accelerometers, ( IRIS ), 23-stations
Interpolation
Inverse-square
Iterative procedure
JPL-developed software
Kalmon filtering
Kiel electron telescope ( KET )
Knox-Thompson algorithm
Kriging
Laboratory of Tree-Ring Research, University of Arizona at Tucson
Lambert albedo
Lamont- Doherty Geological Observatory, Columbia University, Palisades, New York.
Laplace transform
Laser altimetry Ice, Cloud, and land Elevation Satellite ( ICESat )
Laser Interferometer Gravitational Wave Observatory ( LIGO )
Least squares procedure
Legendre' polynomial decomposition
Lick Observatory
Linear extrapolation
Linear interpolation
Lockheed- Martin Solar & Astrophysics Laboratory, Palo Alto, California
Los Alamos National Laboratory computing
Low-energy charged particle ( LECP ) observations
Logarithms
Lund Observatory, Lund, Sweden
Lyman-alpha particle emission
MAGMA Experiment
Magnetohydrodynamics
Magnetometer observations
Mata-Espace, space-based data-recorders
Mauna Kea Observatory ( University of Hawaii/ NASA ) 2.24-m telescope
McDonald Observatory ( University of Texas at Austin ) 0.9-m cassegrain telescope w/ photoelectric photometer
Mean solar irradiance ( ACRIM )
Measurement level
Michelson interferometer infrared spectroscopy
Monte Carlo simulation
Mount Palomar 1.5-m reflecting telescope
Mount Wilson Solar Observatory
Multi-channel seismic ( MCS ) data
Multi-spectrum 'vegetation' remote-sensing high-resolution visible ( HRV )
Multi-variate data
Muon- tomography
NASA-Ames Research Center, Space Science Division, Moffat Field, California
NASA Earth Observing System
NASA / University of Hawaii, Infrared Telescope Facility, Mauna Kea, Hawaii
NASA Lockheed C-130
NASA Lockheed SR-71/ YF-12A
NASA Lockheed U2
Near-simultaneous ground-based imaging
Neutron monitor, University of Chicago, Haleakala crater rim, Maui, Hawaii
NOAA Geophysical Fluid Dynamics Laboratory, Silver Spring, Maryland
90-year ( Gleiisberg ) periodicy
Nodding Image Motion Compensation ( NIMC ) measurements
Nominal data
Normalization
Numerical simulations ( models )
Ocean-bottom seismograph ( OBS )
Observatoire de Gene've, Chemin des Maillettes Saaverny, Switzerland
Observatoire de Paris, Meudon, France
Odetics, space-based data-recorders, USA
Ordinal level data
Orders of magnitude
Photochemistry
Photomosaics
Photopolarimetry
Physiographic
Planck functions
Plasma (PLS) observations
Poisson error
Post-encounter calibrations
Probability
Proportion
Qualitative variables
Quantitative variables
Radial- velocity spectrometer, Cambridge University
Radio Science Subsystem (RSS ) observations
Radio occultation astro-metrics
Radiometer reflected solar radiation
Radio Telescope, Arecibo
Ratio level data
Raw data
Relative difference
Rivera Ocean Seismic Experiment ( ROSE )
Root mean square (RMS)
ROSA Wide Field Camera ( WFC ) X-ray astronomy, Leicester University
Running mean
Second-order polynomial fit smoothing
Solar Dynamics Observatory ( SDO )
Solar Wind Ion Composition Spectrometer ( SWICS )
Spectrophotometry
Spherical section electrostatic analyzer/ channel electron multipliers
Standard error of the mean
Stellar occultation astro-metrics
Stereoscopic viewing
Steward Observatory, University of Arizona at Tucson
Sufficiency
'Terra Mobilis', Geoimages, Texas
t-test
Thompson space electronics, France
Total uncertainty
22-year ( Hale ) sunspot cycle
Uncertainty
University of Wisconsin-developed software
Unweighted second-order polynomial fit smoothing
U.S. Air Force Defense Meteorological Satellites
US Fairchild space electronics, USA
U.S. National Solar Observatory, Antarctica
U.S. Navy Geosat satellite
U.S. Navy, US Exclusive Economic Zone ( EEZ ) declassified, NOAA High-resolution bathymetric sea-floor mapping.
Very Large Baseline Interferometry ( VLBI )
Visual statistics
Westerbrook Synthesis Radio Telescope, Netherlands
Whipple Observatory
X-ray texture gonimetry
Zeeman atomic absorption spectroscopy
NASA Earth Science