It seems strange that vehicles had trouble passing NOx regulations using lean burn. In St. Louis we used to have sniffer - style smog testing, and there's no way most of the lean burn vehicles would enter lean burn mode during that test from what I remember; it was a steady acceleration and then sustained load on the engine at some speed (I don't remember).
Perhaps to get a specific model released by the EPA they did more extensive tests than what they do to individual vehicles???
I have all the previous owner's emissions tests on my escort and the tests for CO2, CO, and NOx are all WAY below the standards. But my car only runs lean at real light load on the highway, like 50-65 mph on flat roads (with my aero stuff strapped on).
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