Cosmic Catastrophe

[aerohead]

PBS WorldChannel.com is also broadcasting a series on our solar system.
The other night was devoted to Saturn.
From the two fly-bys of the Voyager mission, and 13-years of space-based monitoring by the Cassini spacecraft, the Jet Propulsion Laboratory's been able to piece some of Saturn's puzzle together a bit better.
From the science:
* Saturn currently has 62- moons.
* Saturn formerly had 63- moons.
* At the time of the dinosaurs, Saturn had no rings.
* Moon # 63's orbit strayed too close to the planet, exceeding the 'Roche-limit'. Tidal forces ripped the moon (about 250-miles diameter[ 402- km ] ) apart, and within, as short as 3-days, 17,000-trillion tons of remnant pieces were distributed to create the rings.
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Saturn's moon Enceledus is also undergoing a gravitational tug-of-war with the planet and moon Dione, experiencing major surface fractures, creating 500- pound/ second water vapor geyser plumes from the surface

[aerohead]

After a swarm of 30,000-earthquakes, Iceland gave birth to a new volcano. 2,000-degree F lava/magma from 9-miles depth.
Here's a link to the 60-MINUTES program segment

https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=1LI8Gcpawvo

[redneck]

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http://jmanx.com/wp-content/uploads/...and-canyon.jpg

Originally Posted by aerohead

Every time I fly to Reno, Nevada and back I get to see these from the aircraft. And the water down inside them, and at their terminus, a clue as to their formation.
1) Mars 'froze' ( geologically ) about 2-billion years after its formation.
2) Before 'freezing', Mars had water vapor in its atmosphere, and liquid water on its surface.
3) In September, 2015, NASA's Mars Reconnaissance Orbiter's imaging and spectroscopic analysis showed that seasonal flows on the Martian slopes ( including the ' Litchtenberg' feature ) contain hydrated minerals that can only form in the presence of liquid water.
4) Martian minerology and sub-surface erosion features imply flowing water, rather than lightning from the rain clouds as the causal factor in the creation of the Litchtenberg feature.
5) For a single Martian thunderstorm track, discharging a continuous and variable-power volley of cloud-to-ground lightning, as with a plasma-cutter, or a series of multiple storms following only an identical storm track, discharging lightning, and not only 'striking twice', but 'infinitely', from a single cloud-base each time, time an time again, would constitute a statistical impossibility on Earth, known for its annual lightning strikes.
6) Early Mars, as known so far, never possessed a 'special' case for physics, which might explain 'impossible' lightning behavior.
7) And there is no evidence on Earth, that lithospheric disintegration can occur in the presence of lightning. Even the 1947 atomic bomb detonation at Trinity Site, New Mexico could only produce green glass 'Trinitite.' I know, I've been there.

🤔

Please share with us where the 2,800 cubic miles of stone and soil ended up from the formation of the Grand Canyon and include your hypothesis of how the big ditch came to be.




>

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[oil pan 4]

I say it evaporated.

[freebeard]

....upward into space. There's probably some of it that splashed onto Mars.

[Piotrsko]

One would think it splashed downwards in the gravity well towards sunward. So venus?

[aerohead]

* If you've been there, you know that the Colorado River runs through it.
* You also know that it rains there.
* You know that it snows there.
* You probably know that as water freezes and turns to ice it expands.
* Freezing rain and freezing snow-melt inside rocks split rocks apart.
* Fractured rock falls.
* Falling rock striking rock fractures rock further.
* Floods move boulders, rock, pebbles, sand, and silt.
* The Colorado River wasn't dammed until the 1930s.
* In the distant past, a large portion of North America was covered by the Laurentide Ice Sheet.
* Geologists know that melting ice sheets sometimes form inland seas.
* Geologists also know that, sometimes these inland seas are held in by rock and earthen 'dams.'
* Should one of these 'dams' rupture, the entire volume of the inland sea will flow through the rupture, carrying everything in its path, downhill, all the way to the ocean.
* Short of Glaciers scouring out solid rock, moving water is the next most powerful way to terra-form.
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Nobody knows the actual age of the Grand Canyon. The following link suggests that it could have taken 70-million years to form. That would place it in the Cretaceous Period, before the Alps existed, before the Sierra Nevada Mountains existed. Before the Rocky Mountains existed. Before the mass extinction of all dinosaurs and 90% of species on Earth.
If you continuously dig, for 70,000,000-years, you end up with a pretty big ditch. All rock debris carried downstream during annul floods.
Our last ICE AGE was 3-million years ago.
https://www.nationalparks.org/connec...you-never-knew

[aerohead]

Originally Posted by oil pan 4

I say it evaporated.

* Lightning can heat rock to more than 3,000-F ( 1,600-C)
* The boiling point of quartz rock is 2,230-C.
* As quartz 'steam' adiabatically cools to 2,229-C upon rising, it returns to liquid lava droplets, and at approximately 1,650-C would solidify to a quartz particulate aerosol.
* It appears that lightning would need an additional 630-C temperature increase in order to just get rock 'vapor' into the atmosphere.
* An electric arc welder generates 6,500-F. Welding vapors are not at escape velocity, and remain at Earth.

[freebeard]

* Geologists know that melting ice sheets sometimes form inland seas.
* Geologists also know that, sometimes these inland seas are held in by rock and earthen 'dams.'
* Should one of these 'dams' rupture, the entire volume of the inland sea will flow through the rupture, carrying everything in its path, downhill, all the way to the ocean.

What you get in that case is the Eastern Washington scab lands. Not a Lichtenberg figure.

* As quartz 'steam' adiabatically cools to 2,229-C upon rising, it returns to liquid lava droplets, and at approximately 1,650-C would solidify to a quartz particulate aerosol.

This is not an adequate description of electrical discharge machining.

[aerohead]

Originally Posted by freebeard

What you get in that case is the Eastern Washington scab lands. Not a Lichtenberg figure.



This is not an adequate description of electrical discharge machining.

1) I was specifically addressing redneck's question about the Grand Canyon.
2) I was addressing the physics of alleged lithospheric vaporization by lightning strike and how the numbers are not in accord with the possibility of such a process.