The climate change consensus extends beyond climate scientists

[RedDevil]

The thing with the poles is that they are really big, and you really can't say much about them unless you have been studying a wide variety of observation points over an extended period. As time goes by, the phenomena get understood better and the quality of data gets better. But there will be a lot of surprises to come.

A time ago I read that the Antactic is the continent with the highest density of active volcanoes... but they almost never breach the 3 km thick ice sheet, but rather create a big temporary lake in between the ice and the volcano.
Lava would melt the ice, but as water is heavier than ice it rather spreads over the rock face than up into the ice. Nor will it boil much, as the cooling effect of the ice is immense, and so is the pressure under 3000 meter of ice.

[oil pan 4]

For this context my cosmic rays are the intersteller, possibly inter galactic variety. The ones that are up to the mass of a proton traveling 99.9999% of the speed of light, give or take a few 9s. The suns particle emissions such as proton emissions tend to top out around 1,000km per second or a tiny fraction of the speed of light.
The high energy cosmic rays are created by things far more intense than the sun.

[freebeard]

Originally Posted by Xist

Rest assured parents, instead of getting into trouble, your child is merely asking stupid questions.

Did they get a reasonable answ3er? Did it involve Apogeotropism?

Then it's all good.

[aerohead]

Originally Posted by oil pan 4

It didn't exceeded the "polar ice caps will be melted by 2010" model.

Can you provide a reference for that please?

[aerohead]

Originally Posted by RedDevil

Yeah, that one was 15 years off. Can't win them all.

Can you please provide the reference?

[aerohead]

Originally Posted by oil pan 4

By 2025 we will be well into a grand solar minimum, which will allow more cosmetic rays to infiltrate the earth's crust which will cause more volcanic eruptions, kind of like we see now but worse.
There will be no shortage of polar ice in 2025.

Can you provide a reference which provides a causal link between volcanism and cosmic rays?
Can you provide more specific language than 'shortage',with respect to polar ice? It's not a term used by those who research and report on the cryosphere.

[aerohead]

Originally Posted by niky

Antarctica was/is growing... but the growth itself was slowing, last I heard.

-

It takes a while to interpret all the data, so figuring out the rate of growth/shrinkage isn't clear cut.

Haven't read the links you've posted yet, but my understanding is part is shrinking, but the overall ice cover is increasing. (but again, with a slowing rate of growth... but if that's reversed... welp... yikes)

The greatest global warming has been in the ocean,between the Southern tip of South America and the Antarctic continent.
The warming water is undermining the ice shelves from below the water line.
Of interest (and alarm) to the glaciologists,is the breakup of the ice sheets,which buttress the continental-borne ice.
Without the ice sheets to hold the ice against a gravitational gradient,the ice is accelerating towards the ocean and calving off as new ice which WILL increase global sea rise.
On top of that,as the mass of ice diminishes,the crust and mantle experience continental rebound,in which Antarctica literally raises up,exacerbating sea rise.Any 'positive' tilt of the continent would/could fuel even higher accelerated ice movement and calving,setting up another non-linear feedback loop,accelerating sea rise.Abrupt climate change.
If the sea ice melts,it affects the Thermohaline Cycle which historically transports heat energy.Monkey-wrenching on the grandest scale.

[aerohead]

Originally Posted by oil pan 4

The reasons given for how the hole in the ozone over Antarctica caused a flood in the east coast of the United state appear to be speculation. Nothing appears to have been tested or measured.

You can't see cosmetic rays.
The aurora is charged low speed particles from the sun during a solar storm. Cosmetic rays infiltrate the earth during a low of solar activity.
Normally the solar wind pushes them away from the inner solar system.
Grand solar minimums allow for sustained periods of cosmic ray exposure.

What records go back thousands of years for the United States?
I'm not aware of any flood gauge cave paintings.

*Global warming has to do with infrared radiative forcing.
*Infrared radiation is created after ultraviolet radiation strikes terrestrial surfaces and is converted to the longer wavelength Infrared.
*The ozone hole allows more ultraviolet to travel,less impeded, though the atmosphere and strike the Earth,increasing infrared forcing,global warming,and climate disruption,including precipitation patterns,distributions,and magnitude.(As Ellicott City,Maryland has seen recently in 2016 and 2018)
*Its part of global climate change dynamics.

[aerohead]

Originally Posted by freebeard

Proper respect to oil pan 4:

https://duckduckgo.com/?q="cosmetic+rays"

I find a handful of other instances of that usage.

https://quizlet.com/89620017/geology...2-flash-cards/

https://www.quora.com/What-are-the-d...n-rays?share=1

'not sure this passed the smell-test with the geology community.Energy already present within the Earth is accepted as the driver for plate tectonics,of which volcanism is only a symptom.
Ockham's Razor.

[aerohead]

Originally Posted by oil pan 4

For this context my cosmic rays are the intersteller, possibly inter galactic variety. The ones that are up to the mass of a proton traveling 99.9999% of the speed of light, give or take a few 9s. The suns particle emissions such as proton emissions tend to top out around 1,000km per second or a tiny fraction of the speed of light.
The high energy cosmic rays are created by things far more intense than the sun.

So far,in the peer-reviewed literature for Geophysics,there's no mention of cosmic ray penetration as a driver for volcanism.