Cosmic Catastrophe

[aerohead]

nope, nothing to do with it.

[aerohead]

It was Ph.D.( physics),MIT, Mark Bowen, who remarked that, the climate model predictions have been accurate since 1980, and over the next 25-years, James Hansen's predictions represented a significant fraction of them.
From his book entitled, 'THIN ICE,' 2005.
Data is from the Geophysical Year, November-to- November, each year.
Global warming is punctuated by episodes of Benjamin Franklin's global cooling 'parasol effect', postulated in 1784, as a consequence of massive volcanic eruptions which can cool the entire planet for up to half a decade.
Also, sulfur-dioxide atmospheric aerosols from coal-fired power plants maintain a constant global cooling component, and at such time as coal-fired facilities are taken off-line, Earth will warm an additional half-degree within a couple months, after the aerosols precipitate out of the atmosphere.
Consequently, things are worse than they seem as we reap the Faustian bargain:
* we get a relatively 'cooler' planet while the coal burns
* at the expense of a nearly-immediate global temperature rise when we do shut them down

[aerohead]

The 'bottom' of Valles Marinerus is 1-kilometer 'above' the area surrounding the high-elevation, North American-sized uplift on top of the Tharsis Bulge.
The 'Valles' canyons radiate from the center of the bulge, in perfect accord with the understanding that, this entire feature is an artifact of ancient flowing water erosion.
Tharsis Bulge on Mars

[aerohead]

It was from the book, 'Reading The Rocks', by Ph.D. ( structural geology ) Marcia Bjornerud, Westview Press, 2005, that Martian early cooling was discussed.
The 2020 World Almanac has enough data to compare, and, or, calculate the Mars / Earth conditions, which explain the physics of Mars' rapid freezing.
From the astronomical data and section on geometry:
1) Mars, Earth, and Venus are made from the same 'stuff.'
2) Mars has only 71.3% of Earth's density ( a thermodynamic liability ).
3) Mars' magnetic field is 1/ 800th Earth's strength.
4) Mar's gravity is approximately 1/3rd as strong as Earth's.
5) Mar's volume, compared to surface area is 702.1 cubic miles / square-mile.
6) Earth's volume-to-surface-area is 1,319 cubic-miles / square-mile.
7) Earth's V / S ratio is 87.9% higher than Mars.
8) Original radioactive elemental decay interior heat production failed to balance conductive heat loss to space within 1-billion years of formation.
9) At 3.5-billion years ago, all volcanic and tectonic activity on Mars ceased ( it 'froze' ).
10) No longer did volcanoes spew greenhouse gas, carbon dioxide and water vapor into the Martian atmosphere.
11) Mars' weak gravity could not 'hold' the 'fixed' atmosphere, and it boiled off into surrounding space, leaving what today exists as an extremely- rarified atmosphere, 2% as concentrated as Earth's.
12) Mar's average daily temperature is 81-degrees below zero Fahrenheit. The Moon's average surface temperature is negative- 100-degrees F ( with zero atmosphere ). Earth averages an average 59 F, because of it's greenhouse gas atmosphere ( up from 58-F before the Industrial Revolution began ).
13) No other planet in the solar system has warmed in the last 150 years ( despite sharing the same Sun ), except Neptune's largest moon Triton, which has experienced a change to it's absolute ( geometric ) albedo, due to a darkening of it's surface, believed to be from sublimation of blue nitrogen ice exposing red photolysed methane ice underneath.

[freebeard]

5) Mar's volume, compared to surface area is 702.1 cubic miles / square-mile.
6) Earth's volume-to-surface-area is 1,319 cubic-miles / square-mile.
7) Earth's V / S ratio is 87.9% higher than Mars.

How can that be, when they are both spherical?

The Moon is constantly sucking on the Earth's oceans. Probably on the atmosphere as well.

[aerohead]

Originally Posted by freebeard

How can that be, when they are both spherical?

The Moon is constantly sucking on the Earth's oceans. Probably on the atmosphere as well.

1) It's a 'size' thing.
2) Volume = 4/3 pi radius - cubed
3) Area = 4 pi radius-squared
4) Earth is 3,958.8-miles mean radius vs 2,106-miles for Mars
5) Heat loss is always a function of delta- temperature, a heat transfer coefficient, and a specific surface area unit of measure.
6) Plugging the different radii into the equations, the ratios of contained planetary mass volume, compared to respective surface areas, shows that Mars was at a significant thermal mass/ exposed surface area liability compared to Earth.
7) Space 'outside' the two planets was identical 'sink' temperature.
8) Heat transfer coefficients are identical ( same rock ).
9) Internal heat source and a greenhouse atmosphere to hold heat in was completely different between Earth and Mars.
10 Venus has too much of a good thing. It's pure greenhouse gas atmosphere won't allow any of its heat to radiate to space, keeping it at a constant 867- F, day and night, with 200-mph winds, day and night.
-------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
As to Mars 'sucking' on Earth's oceans, I've never heard of such a thing.

[freebeard]

Agreed the raw numbers differ, but... the ratio?

It was Moon not Mars. And a feeble attempt at yumor. Tides both pull and push the oceans.

[aerohead]

Originally Posted by freebeard

Agreed the raw numbers differ, but... the ratio?

It was Moon not Mars. And a feeble attempt at yumor. Tides both pull and push the oceans.

The ratio issue has to do with the non-linearity of geometric relationships, like aerodynamic drag force and drag power.
Double the 'size' of a car and it's drag only doubles.
Double the speed of the car and the aero power requirement increases eight-fold.
Any specific 'ratio' between volume and surface area for spheres would only hold for spheres of identical radius.
When Brunel designed his famous ship, the Great Eastern, he took advantage of a relationship between wetted area drag and hull displacement later coined the 'Brunel efficiency.' Today's Mega container ships and mega jetliners continue to push the Brunel envelope.
It turns out that, with respect to planetary heat loss, 'size matters.'
-------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Moon not Mars. Got it!
Yep, Earth-Moon tidal forces are twice as powerful as Earth-Sun.
Even in a perfect planetary alignment, when everything in the Solar System is in a straight line, tidal forces experienced at Earth are virtually no different than at New Moon.

[Piotrsko]

How about Mars also gets less intense solar energy? Aeroheads favorite distance diffusion

[freebeard]

Originally Posted by aerohead

Any specific 'ratio' between volume and surface area for spheres would only hold for spheres of identical radius.

Kids Math: Finding the Volume and Surface Area of a Sphere
https://www.ducksters.com/kidsmath/f...f_a_sphere.php
Volume = 4/3 πr 3. = 4 ÷ 3 x 3.14 x 3 x 3 x 3. = 113.04 feet 3. Things to Remember. Surface area of sphere = 4πr 2. Volume of a sphere = 4/3 πr 3. You only need to know the radius to figure both the volume and surface area of a sphere. Answers for surface area problems should always be in square units. Answers for volume problems should ...

.